Sociology Of Disability

Description

In the mainstream society people have to face lots of stigma

and hardships in their entire life but these stigma and
hardships become unbearable when disability, Hijra, poor,
women etc. words add with them. Neglect, dishonor,
hostile, unfriendly social settings, prejudice, superstition,
discrimination, exploitation become common phenomenon
in their daily life. But they try to survive overcoming their
impairments and limitations.
Baby’s disability is responsible for the sinful acts of the
family or parents. Disability that occurs in later life may be
explained by divine punishment of the individual or the
community in which the individual resides. Disability
stigmatizes a whole family, lowering their status or even
leading to total social exclusion. Sociology of disability
holds that disability is the outcome of social barriers that
restrict the activities of people with impairments. Usually,
people with disabilities are socially and economically
marginalized. In general, they and their families are
considered the poorest of the poor and are excluded from
basic opportunities and services related to health, education
and employment. In developing and developed countries,
this group faces higher risks of poverty and
impoverishment; has higher rates of unemployment and
underemployment and lower education levels. These
aspects reduce their human capital and increase their risk of
being chronically poor. In the case of disability, women
with disabilities face higher levels of discrimination and
oppression. Besides these, the hijra are located at the
extreme margin of exclusion having no sociopolitical space
where a hijra can lead life of a human being with dignity.
Their deprivations are grounded in non-recognition as a
separate gendered human being beyond the male-female
dichotomy.